Welcome to Part 15 of my ongoing series of bibliographic entries about Hallyu. These entries are listed by year, not by author (TIP: If you know about a title or author and you want to see if it’s included in this listing, use the CTRL + F function).
This is a working post, so if you would like to submit items to this list or to the bibliography, please contact me directly atkaetrena@mailbox.sc.edu.
POLITICS and SOFT POWER
Kim, H. (2005). Korea’s soft power through Hallyu (Korean wave). thesis: Seoul National University.
Hayashi, Kaori and Eun-Jeung Lee. (2007). The potential of fandom and the limits of soft power: Media representations on the popularity of a Korean melodrama in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 10(2): 197-216. doi: 10.1093/ssjj/jym049 (see also, Fandom/Fan Activity)
Janelli, Roger and Dawnhee Yun. (2007). Soft power, Korea and the politics of culture. Institute of East Asia Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
Lee, Keehyeung. (2008(. Mapping out the cultural politics of the “Korean Wave” in contemporary South Korea. In C.B. Huat and K. Iwabuchi (Eds.) East Asian Pop Culture: Analyzing the Korean Wave. pp. 175 – 189. Aberdeen: Hong Kong University Press.
Nam, Siho. 2008. Media imperialism waned? The cultural politics of Korean Wave in East Asia.Global Communication and Social Change Division of International Association Conference. May. (see also, Korean Popular Culture in Asia)
Tsai, Eva. 2008. Existing in the Age of Innocence: Pop stars, publics and politics in Asia. In C.B. Huat and K. Iwabuchi (Eds.) East Asian Pop Culture: Analyzing the Korean Wave. pp. 217- X. Aberdeen: Hong Kong University Press.
Lee, Geun. 2009. A soft power approach to the Korean Wave. The Review of Korean Studies, 12 (2): 123-127.Lee, Sook-Jong. 2009. South Korea’s soft power diplomacy. EAI Issue Briefing no. 1
Park, So Young. 2010. Transnational Adoption, Hallyu, and the Politics of Korean Popular Culture. Biography, 33(1): 151-166.
Jang, Gunjoo & Won K. Paik. (2012). Korean wave as tool for Korea’s new cultural diplomacy. Advances in Applied Sociology, 2(3): 196-202. Accessed 16 June 2016 from http://file.scirp.org/Html/22229.html
Watson, Iain. 2012. South Korea’s State-led soft power strategies: Limits on Inter-Korean relations. Asian Journal of Political Science, 20(3):304-325.
Gan, Xi Ni. (2019). Soft power of Korean popular culture on consumer behavior in Malaysia. Thesis, UTAR. Retrieved from http://eprints.utar.edu.my/3479/
Welcome to Part 15 of my ongoing series of bibliographic entries about Hallyu. These entries are listed by year, not by author (TIP: If you know about a title or author and you want to see if it’s included in this listing, use the CTRL + F function).
This is a working post, so if you would like to submit items to this list or to the bibliography, please contact me directly atkaetrena@mailbox.sc.edu.
Fiske, J. (1992). The cultural economy of fandom. In A. Lewis (Ed.), The adoring audience: Fan culture and popular media (pp. 30-49). New York: Routledge.
Leonard, Sean. (2005). Progress against the Law: Anime and Fandom, and the Key to the Globalization of Culture. International Journal of Cultural Studies 8.3 (2005): 281-305.
Yuk Ming Lisa Leung. (2005). Virtualizing the ‘Korean Wave’: The Politics of (Transnational) Cyberfandom in 〈Daejangguem>. Asian Communication Research Volume 2 Number 2, 2005.9, page(s): 65-90. Abstract accessed 2 November 2011 http://www.dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=1030479&A=
Shim, Hyunjoo. (2005). Antifans and the internet: An ethnographic study of participatory drama fans in Korean websites. Thesis, Georgia State University.
Pease, Rowan. (2006). Internet, fandom and K-wave in China. In K. Howard (Ed.) Korean pop music: Riding the wave. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Hayashi, Kaori and Eun-Jeung Lee. (2007). The potential of fandom and the limits of soft power: Media representations on the popularity of a Korean melodrama in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 10(2): 197-216. doi: 10.1093/ssjj/jym049 (see also, Politics and Soft Power)
Siriyuvasak, Ubonrat & Hyunjoon Shin. (2007). Asianizing Kpop: production, consumption and identification patterns among Thai youth. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 8(1): 109-136.
Lee, Soojin, David Scott and Hyounggon Kim. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3): 809-832.
Mori, Yoshitaka. (2008). Winter Sonata and cultural practices of active fans in Japan: Considering middle-aged women as cultural agents. In C.B. Huat and K. Iwabuchi (Eds.) East Asian Pop Culture: Analyzing the Korean Wave. pp. 127-X. Aberdeen: Hong Kong University Press.
Iwabuchi, Koichi. (2010). Undoing inter-national fandom in the age of brand nationalism. Mechademia, 5:87-96.
Rembert-Lang, LaToya D. (2010-2011). Reinforcing the power of Babel: The impact of copyright law on fansubbing. Intellectual Property Brief, 2(2): 21-33.
Gatson, Sarah N. and Robin Anne Reid. (2012). Race and ethnicity in fandom. In R.A. Reid and S.N Gatson (Eds.) Race and Ethnicity in Fandom special issue, Transformative Works and Cultures, 8. Accessed 23 August 2012 from http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/392/252
Lee, Seung Ah. (2012). Of the fans, by the fans, for the fans: The republic of JYJ. Presented at the Nam Center for Korean Studies’ Hallyu 2.0: The Korean Wave in the Age of Social Media Symposium. Accessed 8 April 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwBKXybAXJQ
Kim, Andrew Eungi, Fitria Mayasari, and Ingyu Oh. (2013). When tourist audiences encounter each other: Diverging learning behaviors of K-pop fans from Japan and Indonesia. Korea Journal, 53(4): 59-82.
Sung, Sang-Yeon. (2013). K-pop reception and participatory fan culture in Austria. Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review, (9): 90-104. Accessed 16 June 2016 from https://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-9/sung
Jung, Soo Keung. (2014). Global audience participation in the production and consumption of Gangnam Style. Thesis, Georgia State Unversity. Accessed 7 April 2020 from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses/106/
Jung, Sun & Doobo Shim. (2014). Social distribution: K-pop fan practices in Indonesia and the ‘Gangnam Style’ phenomenon. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 17(5): 485-501.
Nissim, Otmazgin & Irina Lyan. (2014). Hallyu across the desert: K-pop fandom in Israel and Palestine. Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review, 3(1): 32-55.
Oh, Ingyu & Chong-Mook Lee. (2014). A league of their own: Female supporters of hallyu and Korea-Japan relations. Pacific Focus, 29(2): 284-302.
Williams, J. Patrick & Samantha Xiang Xin Ho. (2016). “Sasaengpaen” or K-pop fan? Singapore youths, authentic identities, and Asian media fandom. Deviant Behavior, 37(1): 81-94.
Hubinette, Tobias. (2018). Who are the Swedish K-pop fans? Revisiting the reception and consumption of Hallyu in post-Gangnam Style Sweden with an emphasis on K-pop. Culture and Empathy, 1(1-4): 34-48. Accessed 7 April 2020 from http://www.tobiashubinette.se/korean_popculture_1.pdf
Sari, Dorottya. (2018). The rise of Hallyu in Hungary: An exploratory study about the motivation, behavior, and perception of Hungarian K-pop fans.
Swan, Anna Lee. (2018). Transnational identities and feeling in fandom: place and embodiment in K-pop fan reaction videos. Communication, Culture and Critique, 11(4): 548-565.
Sutton, R. Anderson. (2018). Tracking the Korean wave in transnational Asia: K-pop and K-pop fandom in Indonesia. Asian Musicology, 28: 9-39.
Abd-Rahim, Atiqah. (2019). Online fandom: Social identity and social hierarchy of hallyu fans. The Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography, 9(1). Accessed 7 April 2020 from https://ojs.library.dal.ca/JUE/article/view/8885
Capistrano, Erik, Paolo. (2019). Understanding Filipino Korean pop music fans. Asian Journal of Social Science, 47(1): 59-87.
Crow, Teahlyn Frances. (2019). K-pop, language, and online fandom: An exploration of Korean language use and performativity amongst international K-pop fans. Thesis, Northern Arizona University.
Cruz, Angela, Seo, Yuri, & Binay, Itir. (2019). Cultural globalization from the periphery: Translation practices of English-speaking K-pop fans. Journal of Consumer Culture, In press. (See Also, Language)
De Kosnik, A. & Carrington, A. (2019). Fans of color, fandoms of color. Transformative Works & Cultures, 29(1): 1.
Jansen, Kine Fjeld. (2019). Pop culturally motivated lexical borrowing: Use of Korean in an English-majority fan forum. Thesis, University of Bergen. Accessed 7 April 2020 from http://bora.uib.no/handle/1956/20363
Kang, Jiwon, Lee, Minsung, Park, Eunil et al. (2019). Alliance for my idol: Analyzing the K-pop fandom collaboration network. CHI EA ‘ 19: Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Pp. 1- 6.
Utami, Evi Farsiah. (2019). Social media, celebrity, and fans: A study of Indonesian K-pop fans. Thesis, Taylor’s University. (See Also, Internet and Social Media)
Welcome to Part 13 of my ongoing series of bibliographic entries about Hallyu. These entries are listed by year, not by author (TIP: If you know about a title or author and you want to see if it’s included in this listing, use the CTRL + F function).
This is a working post, so if you would like to submit items to this list or to the bibliography, please contact me directly atkaetrena@mailbox.sc.edu.
Jeong, SH. (2003). Strategy for increase of foreign tourists using the Korean wave in Jeju. Korean Journal of Tourism Management Research
Nakamura, Lisa. (2003). “Where do you want to go today?” Cybernetic tourism, the internet and transnationality. In G. Dines and J. M. Humez Gender, Race and Class in Media. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 684-687.
Ya, E.S. (2005). A continuous improvement of Hallyu tourism as a new cultural tourism. Journal of Korean Tourism Policy, 11(3): 57-77.
Kim, Sangkyun, Robinson, Mike, & Long, Philip. (2006). Understanding popular media production and potential tourist consumption: A methodological agenda. Accessed 8 April 2020 fromhttps://dspace2.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/handle/2328/26062
Seo, Jin Wook and Cai, Xuejing. (2006). A study on the factors of Korean TV Drama to stimulate Chinese tourist visiting in Korea. International Tourism Conference on International Tourism Conference 2006 Winter Conference, international tourism trends and prospects; Trends and Prospects of International Tourism Industry.
Chae, Yebyeong. (2007). A study plan to attract more foriegn visitors through analysis of Chinese tourists to Korea. Korea Tourism Research, 2(3): 77-92.
Chan, Brenda. (2007). Film-induced tourism in Asia: A case study of Korean television drama and female viewers’ motivation to visit Korea. Tourism Culture & Communication, 7(3): 207-224.
Kim, Samuel Seongseop, Argusa, Jerome, Lee, Heesung & Chon, Kaye Chon. (2007). Effects of Korean television dramas on the flow of Japanese tourists. Tourism Management, 28(5): 1340 -1353.
Han, Hee Joo & Lee, Jae-Sub. (2008). A Study on the KBS drama Winter Sonata and its impact on Korea’s Hallyu tourism development. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 24 (2/3): 115-126.
Hirata, Yukie. (2008). Touring ‘Dramatic Korea’: Japanese women as viewers of Hanryu dramas and tourists on Hanyru tours. In C.B. Huat and K. Iwabuchi (Eds.) East Asian Pop Culture: Analyzing the Korean Wave. pp. 143 – 156.. Aberdeen: Hong Kong University Press.(see also, Korean Drama Viewership and Habits)
Lee, Soojin, Scott, David Scott & Kim, Hyounggon. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3): 809-832.
Lin, Y.S. & Huang, J.Y. (2008). Analyzing the use of TV miniseries for Korea tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 24(2/3): 223-227.
Kim, Hyun Jeong, Chen, Ming-Hsiang, & Su, Hung Jen. (2009).The impact of Korean TV dramas on Taiwanese tourism demand for Korea. Tourism Economics, 15(4): 867-873.
Kim, Sangkyun, Long, & Robinson, Mike. (2009). Small screen, big tourism: the role of popular Korean television dramas in South Korean Tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3): 308-333.
Ryan, Chris, Yanning, Zhang, Gu, Huimin & Song, Ling. (2009). Tourism, a classic novel, and television. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1): 14-28.
Kim, Samuel, Lee, Heesung Lee, & Chon, Kye-song. (2010). Segmentation of different types of Hallyu tourists using a multinational model and its marketing implications. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 34(3): 341-363.
Kim, Sangkyun. (2010). Extraordinary experience: Re-enacting and photographing at screen tourism locations. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(1): 59-75.
Lee, SoJung & Bai, Billy. (2010). A qualitative analysis of the impact of popular culture on destination image: A case study of Korean wave from Japanese fans. ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. Accessed 22 November 2011 fromhttp://bit.ly/1tu46Dk
Oh, Yongsoo. (2010). The changes in the Korean wave and the creation of competitiveness of tourism of Korean wave. Korea Tourism Policy, 42 (Winter). Korea Culture and Policy Researcher.
Treesuwan, Aukjinda. (2010). Factors affecting demand for travel to Korea: a case study of Thai tourists to Korea. Thesis, Chulalongkorn University. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttp://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/handle/123456789/18028
Choi, Jeong Gil, Tkachenko, Tamara, & Sil, Shomir. (2011). On the destination image of Korea by Russian tourists. Tourism Management, 32: 193-194.
Kim, Sangkyun. (2011). A cross-cultural study of the on-site film-tourism experiences among Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese and Thai visitors to the Daejanggeum theme park, South Korea. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(8): 759-776.
Kim, Sangkyun and O’Connor, Noëlle. (2011). A cross-cultural study of screen-tourists’ profiles. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(2):141 – 158.
Lee, SoJung. (2011). The impact of soap opera on destination image: A multivariate repeated measures analysis. ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttps://bit.ly/2JMME7N
Kim, Sangkyun. (2012). Audience involvement and film tourism experiences: Emotional places, emotional experiences. Tourism Management, 33(2): 387-396.
Kim, Sangkyun. (2012). The relationships of on-site film-tourism experiences, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The case of Asian audience’s responses to a Korean historical TV drama. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(5): 472-484.
Kim, Sangkyun and Wang, Hua. (2012). From television to the film set:Korean drama Daejanggeum drives Chinese, Taiwanese, Japanese and Thai audiences to screen-tourism. International Communication Gazette, 74(5): 423-442.
Kim. Sangkyun and O’Connor, Noëlle. (2012). Film tourism locations and experiences: A popular Korean television drama production perspective. Tourism Review International, 15(3): 243-252.
Kim, Seongseop, Kim, Miju, Agrusa, Jerome,& Lee, Aejoo. (2012). Does a food-themed TV drama affect perceptions of national image and intention to visit a country? An empirical study of Korea TV drama. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(4): 313-326.
Kim, Andrew Eungi, Mayasari, Fitria Mayasari, & Oh, Ingyu. (2013). When tourist audiences encounter each other: Diverging learning behaviors of K-pop fans from Japan and Indonesia. Korea Journal, 53(4): 59-82.
Kim, Samuel Seongseop, Agrusa, Jerome, & Chon, Kaye. (2014). The influence of a TV Drama on visitors’ perception: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(4): 536-562.
Rajaguru, Rajesh. (2014). Motion picture-induced visual, vocal and celebrity effects on tourism motivation: Stimulus organism response model. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(4): 375-388.
Yoo, Jae-woong, Samsup Jo, and Jung, Jaemin. (2014). The effects of television viewing, cultural proximity, and ethnocentrism on country image. Social Behavior & Personality: an international journal, 42(1):89 – 96.
Lee, Won-jun. (2015). The effects of the Korean wave (Hallyu) star and receiver characteristics on T.V. drama satisfaction and intention to revisit. International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 8(11): 347-356. Accessed 8 April 2020 fromhttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fde6/38cd0637372022087a7d55ad7942b95f78cb.pdf
Kim, Sangkyun & Nam, Chanwoo. (2016). Hallyu revisited: Challenges and opportunities for the South Korea tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(5): 524-540.
Mah, Han Poh. (2016). Influences of Korean wave on the intention of visiting Korea in Generation Y Malaysia. Thesis, INTI International University. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttp://eprints.intimal.edu.my/914/
Yen, Chang-Hua & Croy, W. Glen. (2016). Film tourism: celebrity involvement, celebrity worship and destination image. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(10): 1027-1044.
Bae, Eun-song, Chang, Meehyang, Park, Eung-Suk, & Kim, Dae-cheol. (2017). The effect of Hallyu on tourism in Korea. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(4). Accessed 8 April 2020 fromhttps://www.mdpi.com/2199-8531/3/4/22
Choi, H.S. Chris. (2017). Understanding the consumption experience of Chinese tourists: Assessing the effect of audience involvement, flow, and delight on electronic word-of-mouth. Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed 8 April 2020 fromhttps://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/10252
Botovalkina, A.V., Levina, V.S., & Kudinova, K.M. (2018). Economics of cultural tourism: The case of the Korean wave. In Gaol, Filimonova, and Maslennikov (Eds). Financial and Economic Tools Used in the World Hospitality Industry (pp. 203 – 207). London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Kim, Seongsap & Kim, Sangkyun. (2018). Perceived values of TV drama, audience involvement, and behavioral intention in film tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(3): 259-272.
Hasegawa, Eiko. (n.d.). Re-orienting tourism: Japanese tourism in Korea and Asian cultural integration.
Welcome to Part 12 of my ongoing series of bibliographic entries about Hallyu. These entries are listed by year, not by author (TIP: If you know about a title or author and you want to see if it’s included in this listing, use the CTRL + F function).
This is a working post, so if you would like to submit items to this list or to the bibliography, please contact me directly atkaetrena@mailbox.sc.edu.
Morelli, S. (2001). “Who is a Dancing Hero?”: Rap, Hip-Hop, and Dance in Korean Popular Culture’, pp. 248–57 in T. Mitchell (ed.) Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
Howard, K. (2002) ‘Exploding Ballads: The Transformation of Korean Pop Music’, pp. 80–95 in T.J. Craig and R. King (eds) Global Goes Local: Popular Culture in Asia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Ho, Wai Chung. (2004). A cross-cultural study of preferences for popular music among Hong Kong and Thailand youths. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 7. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttp://www.immi.se/jicc/index.php/jicc/article/view/125/93
Lee, H.-E. (2005). Othering ourselves: Identity and globalization in Korean popular music, 1992–2002. United States — Iowa, The University of Iowa
Hilts, Janet Flora. (2006). Seo Taiji 1992-2004: South Korean popular music and masculinity. Thesis, York University.
Jung, Eun-Young. (2007). Transnational cultural traffic in northeast Asia: The “presence” of Japan in Korea’s popular music culture. Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttp://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/8615/1/JUNG.EunYoung.Aug.10.PhD.pdf
Lee, Jung-Yup. (2009). Contesting the digital economy and culture: digital technologies and the transformation of popular music in Korea. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 10(4): 489-506.
Shin, Hyun Joon. 2009. Popular music in East Asia: Transbordering musicians in Japan and Korea searching for “Asia.” Korean Studies, 33:101-123.
Shin, Hyunjoon. 2009. Reconsidering Transnational Cultural Flows of Popular Music in East Asia: Transbordering Musicians in Japan and Korea Searching for “Asia”. Korean Studies, 33(1): 101-123. Accessed 22 August 2012 fromhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/korean_studies/v033/33.shin.html
Kim, Pil Ho and Hyunjoon Shim. 2010. The birth of “Rok”: Cultural imperialism, nationalism and the glocalization of rock music in South Korea, 1964-1975. East Asia Cultures Critique,18(1): 199-230.
Jang, Wonho & Kim, Youngsun. (2013). Envisaging the sociocultural dynamics of K-pop: Time/space hybridity, Red Queen’s Race, and cosmopolitan striving. Korea Journal, 53(4): 83-106.
Maliangkay, Roald. (2013). Defining qualities: The socio-political significance of K-pop collections. Korean Histories, 4(1): 3 – 14.
Oh, Ingyu & Hyo-Jung Lee. (2013). K-pop in Korea: How the pop music industry is changing in a post-developmental society. Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review, (9): 105-124. Accessed 16 June 2016 fromhttps://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-9/oh-and-lee
Park, Gil-sung. 2013. Manufacturing creativity: Production, performance, and dissemination of K-pop. Korea Journal, 53(4): 14-33.
de Carvalho Lourenço, Patricia Portugal Marques. (2015). K-pop music digital marketing role in Brazil: Case study: Kim Hyun Joong. Dissertation, ISCEM. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttp://comum.rcaap.pt/handle/10400.26/22742
Tan, Marcus. (2015). K-contagion: Sound, speed, and space in “Gangnam Style.” The Drama Review, 59(1): 83-96. Accessed 16 June 2016 fromhttp://bit.ly/266cQ0T
Cho, Janice Kim. (2017). “Sure it’s foreign music, but it’s not foreign to me.” Understanding K-pop’s popularity in the U.S. using a Q sort. Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttps://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6612/
Ryu, Jungyop, Capistrano, Erik Paolo, & Lin, Hao-Chieh. (2018). Non-Korean consumers’ preferences on Korean popular music: A two-country study. International Journal of Market Research,62(2): 234-252.
Boman, Björn. (2019). Achievement in the South Korean music industry. International Journal of Music Business Research, 8(2): 6-26. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttps://bit.ly/2Vdss3U
Gardner, Hyneia. (2019). The impact of African-American musicianship on South Korean popular music: Adoption, hybridization, integration, or other? Thesis, Harvard Extension School. Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttps://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/42004187
Wheesung (Choi Wheesung) debuted with boy group A4 in 1999 and as a solo artist with YG Entertainment in 2000. Although his roots are in rock, he is known as a solid R&B artist. Wheesung also uses the stage name Realslow, and named his company such when he started it in 2017.
“Girls” is from Wheesung’s 2010 CD Vocolate (an almagam of the words “voice” and “chocolate”). This album also highlights the continuing hallmark of Korean music artists working with African-American music producers: Vocolate features collaborations withRodney “DarkChild” Jerkins and Ne-Yo. I was originally introduced to this song via Jonghyun (he was afan ofandworked withWheesung). “Girls” made a recent showing on my YouTube random play. Add it to your work-out list to keep you going through those next-to-last rotation squats or that final treadmill level-5 incline run.
Lower vocal registers for stanza performance, falsetto for ad-libs and chorus
Use of two- or three-part harmony
Background vocals feature artist
Both songs discuss willingness and confidence of being the best choice for the love interest and in turn, that the love interest represents his ideal (see English interpretation of “Aurora” lyrics)
TRADE OFFS:
D’Angelo’s strong bass-line vs. Jonghyun’s use of bass drum and modulated guitars and bass.
D’Angelo’s use of a catch-line (“I can tell they’re lookin’ at us”) to interrupt the traditional song composition vs. Jonghyun’s traditional lyric-chorus-lyric-chorus-bridge-chorus composition
D’Angelo’s piano chords vs. Jonghyun’s synthesizers
TVXQ! (also billed as Dong Bang Shin Ki/DBSK in Korean and Tohoshinki in Japanese) was a five member group from 2004 to 2010. In 2011, the group continued with two members (Jung Yunho – U-Know, and Shim Changmin – MAX). The group is known for their harmonies and sensual dance moves, and “Rising Sun” choreography is one of the group’s more dynamic musical and visual accomplishments.
“Rising Sun” is from the group’s second Korean studio album and was also featured in an American film. In a review of the album, Pop Reviews Now asserts that “Rising Sun” “is one of DBSK’s most technically-challenging and most remembered songs and for good reason.” Every member’s vocal or rap ability is highlighted, with Changmin’s signature range/ note-holding on display. As a note to the longevity and importance of this song, the two-member group continues to perform it live.
View the visuals and hear the vocals of five-member TVXQ’s “Rising Sun”:
The use or application of the (gospel) choir aestethic or sound is a staple in popular Western music, and the artists who have used the imagery or sound go fromrockandpoptorap. In an essay discussing how the African-American creative and cultural tradition of gospel music is preserved or transformed as it moves around the globe, Burnim links the original context of gospel music and its role in the African-American community to its unexpected introduction into American mainstream music (solidified by creative and consumer success markers):
As a genre that came to most strongly define the worship of the vast majority of African Americans regardless of denomination, gospel remained largely in the domain of African American congregants — that is, church folk — until the late 1960’s, when Edwin Hawkins released Let Us Go into The House of the Lord, with its ever-popular single “O Happy Day” unexpectedly hitting the radio airways, claiming unparalleled chart success and subsequent sales in excess of one million copies… (2016, 471)
While gospel music is primarily the vehicle by which African-Americans practiced aspects of their religion, it is also a form of music that has close ties to the continent and cultures of Africa. With those multitudes of cultures come expanded channels of creativity, and you can hear those elements in gospel music, including:
call and response
syncopation
cross-rhythms
improvisation (Rucker-Hillsman, 2014)
Noting links to commercial success and the musicality imbued in the gospel choir, international artists have also incorporated the sound into their music.
Let’s take a look at the gospel choir’s entry into K-pop:
Artist: Jonghyun
Press Play to Hear “할렐루야 ” (Hallelujah)” from Jonghyun’s album Base (released January 12, 2015).
In a 2015 interview, Jonghyun noted that he did not originally intend to have a choir but that his interest in gospel music spurred him to update the arrangement.
Jonghyun documents choir members recording the background vocals for “Hallelujah.”
Works Cited
Burnim, M. (2016). Tropes of continuity and disjuncture in the globalization of gospel music. In S.A. Riley & J.M. Dueck (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music and World Christianities. Oxford University Press (pp. 469-488).
Rucker-Hillsman, J. (2014). Gospel music: An African-American art form. Victoria, BC, Canada: Freisen Press.
A recent Rolling Stone article discusses the major thread of American R&B in Kpop music. A producer notes the attraction towards the genre, sharing, “Korean pop music likes differentiation and changes,..the average American song is four melodies, maybe five. The average K-pop song is eight to 10. They are also very heavy in the harmonies. The one-loop beat doesn’t work over there…” (Leight, 2018)
Well – we stan complexity.
In this edition of “Let Us Introduce You To…” we showcase a song that highlights how that nostalgic R&B feel is built in Kpop by using numerous beats, harmonies, and even rap cadence to hook listeners by producing a new sound that simultaneously feels familiar.
Artist: SHINee
Press Play to Hear “Lock You Down” from SHINee’s album The Story of Light EP 3 (released June 25, 2018).
Lock You Down’s beats echo…
Artist: Vanity 6
Press Play to Hear “Nasty Girl” from Vanity 6’s album Vanity 6 (released August 11, 1982).
Learn more about Vanity 6 – a girl group that was produced by Prince.
SHINee Minho and SHINee Key’s rapping cadence echoes…
Artist: Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock
Press Play to Hear “It Takes Two” from Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock’s album It Takes Two (released August 9, 1988).
Welcome to Part 10 of my ongoing series of bibliographic entries about Hallyu. These entries are listed by year, not by author (TIP: If you know about a title or author and you want to see if it’s included in this listing, use the CTRL + F function).
King Sejong the Great (세종대왕). Photo credit: hgyjhj486, Pixabay.
This is a working post, so if you would like to submit items to this list or to the bibliography, please contact me directly atkaetrena@mailbox.sc.edu
NOTE:In order to make it easier to locate authors (and where possible), I’ve modified these APA Style citations by adding full author names where possible.
Lee, Jamie Shinhee. (2004). Linguistic hybridization in K-pop: discourse of self-assertion and resistance. World Englishes, 23(3): 429-450. doi: 10.1111/j.0883-2919.2004.00367.x
Lee, Jamie Shinhee. (2006). Linguistic Hybridization in K-pop, In Kingsley Bolton and Braj B. Kachru (eds.), Critical Concepts in Linguistics: World Englishes. Pp.299-326. London & New York: Routledge. 6 volume set. vol. 4.
You, Byeong Keun. (2005). Children negotiating Korean American ethnic identity through their heritage language. Bilingual Research Journal, 29(3): 711-721. doi: 10.1080/15235882.2005.10162860
Lee, Jamie Shinhee. (2007). “Im the illest fucka”: An Analysis of African American English in South Korean Hip Hop. English Today:The International Review of the English Language23(2): 54-60.
Lee, Jamie Shinhee. (2007). Language and Identity: Entertainers in South Korean Pop Culture, In Miguel Mantero (ed.), Identity and Second Language Learning. pp. 283-303. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Park, Joseph Sung Yul. (2009). Regimenting languages on Korean television: subtitles and institutional authority. Text & Talk, 29(5): 547-570.
Hu, Brian. (2010). Korean TV Serials in the English-Language Diaspora: Translating Difference Online and Making It Racial. The Velvet Light Trap, 66 (Fall): 36 -49.
Lee, Jamie Shinhee. (2010). Glocalizing Keepin’ it real: South Korean hip hop playas. In M. Terkourafi (Ed.) Languages of Global Hip-Hop. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 139 – 161.
Rembert-Lang, LaToya D. (2010-2011). Reinforcing the power of Babel: The impact of copyright law on fansubbing. Intellectual Property Brief, 2(2): 21-33.
Lee, J.S. (2011). Globalization of African American vernacular English in popular culture Blinglish in Korean hip hop. English World-Wide, 32(1): 1-23.
Touhami, Batoul & Al-Abed Al Haq, Fawwaz. (2017). The influence of the Korean wave on the language of international fans: Case study of Algerian fans. Sino-US English Teaching, 14(10): 598-626.
Jin, Dal Yong & Woongjae Ryoo. (2014). Critical interpretation of hybrid K-pop: The global-local paradigm of English-mixing in lyrics. Popular Music & Society, 37(2): 113-131.
Kim, Grace MyHyun. (2016). Practicing multilingual identities: Online interactions in a Korean dramas forum. International Multilingual Research Journal, 10(4): 254-272. (See Also, Internet and Social Media)
Chun, Elaine W. (2017). How to drop a name: Hybridity, purity, and the K-pop fan. Language in Society, 46(1): 57-76.
Aiyah, Aznur. (2017). Korean-English language translational action of K-pop social media content: A case study on Bangtan Sonyeodan’s (BTS) Official Twitter. 3L: Language, Lingugstics, Literature, 23(3). Accessed 7 April 2020 fromhttp://ejournal.ukm.my/3l/article/view/20452
Touhami, Batoul & Al-Abed Al Haq, Fawwaz. (2017). The influence of the Korean wave on the language of international fans: Case study of Algerian fans. Sino-US English Teaching, 14(10): 598-626.
Crow, Teahlyn Frances. (2019). K-pop, language, and online fandom: An exploration of Korean language use and performativity amongst international K-pop fans. Thesis, Northern Arizona University.
Cruz, Angela, Seo, Yuri, & Binay, Itir. (2019). Cultural globalization from the periphery: Translation practices of English-speaking K-pop fans. Journal of Consumer Culture, In press.
Jansen, Kine Fjeld. (2019). Pop culturally motivated lexical borrowing: Use of Korean in an English-majority fan forum. Thesis, University of Bergen. Accessed 8 April 2020 fromhttp://bora.uib.no/handle/1956/20363
